The arrival of count George Joseph Wallenstein-Wartemberg in 1791 meant the onset of a great deal of alterations throughout the Litomyšl castle. The artistic pinnacle of these alterations was the construction of the small theatre on the ground floor of the west wing, which took place in 1796-97.

The theatre tradition in Litomyšl castle is however older than this. Probably the first outsets of the theatre tradition in Litomyšl has related to piarist's activities. The visits in Viennese theatres and probably examples of some other castle theatre in the country were very important impulses for Wallensteins and their own performances.

During the reign of count George Christian (1765-1791) a theatre was established on the second floor of the castle in 1767 - this one was destroyed by the fire, shortly before it could be completed. Following this, another theatre was set up in a ground floor hall; these facts is documented by entries for the purchase of the stage props and scenery in accounting ledgers and preserved decoration (today's Congress hall). Before restoring decoration of this hall in 1996 there were gripping construction of stage perspicuous marks. Probably this construction was rather simple as well as decoration. On November 1796 the adaptation of this theatre for the cloakroom is documented and one month later work begun on the construction of a new theatre in the former salt room and laundry.

At the beginning of 1797 the activity of all craftsmen, who worked on the adaptation of the castle rooms, was concentrated to the rising theatre. The theatre was placed in a hall with dimension 10 x 20 meters. The local carpenters carried out the basic construction of the theatre, which was wooden; the carpenter Václav Bonaventura built the portal, all the stage machinery and carried out the final adaptation of the stage architecture; the ornamental details were made by wood-carver Jiří Bartoš and gilded by Jan Birno. From the beginning of July we had information about construction of frame for a painter: the auditorium was painted with neoclassicist ornamental motifs by Dominik Dvořák; the artist of the wall paintings in the castle rooms.

At the end of 1797 the small theatre was ready and held about 120 people. A balcony supported by pillars surrounds its auditorium. The orchestra pit in the front section is divided by a parapet. The center of the balcony contains the Count's box, and on either side of this, there is an undivided space, and close to the stage there are further boxes on either side. Above the portal which is held up by two pairs of pillars, there is a gilded Wallenstein coat of arms, above the Count's box we can find coat of arms representing the alliance between Wallensteins and Hohenfelds, and on the ceiling there is a lyre inside a wreath surrounded by sunrays.

The Litomyšl castle theatre is one of the few preserved material documents of the theatre culture not just in Czech republic but also in the whole Europe. The collection of scenes" by Joseph Platzer and the well-preserved technical stage equipment are the reason of its world importance.

The theatre is accesible to the public as a part of the visitor's route in the Litomyšl Castle.